Download Operation research j k sharma and more books of the same author and others for free Home Submit Contact internet on the site Search Browse by Category Action and. Operations research - Wikipedia. Operations research, or operational research in British usage, is a discipline that deals with the application of advanced analytical methods to help make better decisions. In particular, operational analysis forms part of the Combined Operational Effectiveness and Investment Appraisals (COEIA), which support British defence capability acquisition decision- making. It is often considered to be a sub- field of mathematics. Because of its emphasis on human- technology interaction and because of its focus on practical applications, operations research has overlap with other disciplines, notably industrial engineering and operations management, and draws on psychology and organization science. Operations research is often concerned with determining the maximum (of profit, performance, or yield) or minimum (of loss, risk, or cost) of some real- world objective. Originating in military efforts before World War II, its techniques have grown to concern problems in a variety of industries. Because of the computational and statistical nature of most of these fields, OR also has strong ties to computer science and analytics. Operational researchers faced with a new problem must determine which of these techniques are most appropriate given the nature of the system, the goals for improvement, and constraints on time and computing power. The major subdisciplines in modern operational research, as identified by the journal Operations Research. In the decades after the two world wars, the techniques were more widely applied to problems in business, industry and society. Since that time, operational research has expanded into a field widely used in industries ranging from petrochemicals to airlines, finance, logistics, and government, moving to a focus on the development of mathematical models that can be used to analyse and optimize complex systems, and has become an area of active academic and industrial research. His research into the cost of transportation and sorting of mail led to England's universal . Rowe conceived the idea as a means to analyse and improve the working of the UK's early warning radar system, Chain Home (CH). Initially, he analysed the operating of the radar equipment and its communication networks, expanding later to include the operating personnel's behaviour. This revealed unappreciated limitations of the CH network and allowed remedial action to be taken. Waddington, Owen Wansbrough- Jones, Frank Yates, Jacob Bronowski and Freeman Dyson, and in the United States with George Dantzig looked for ways to make better decisions in such areas as logistics and training schedules. EbookNetworking.net : Allows you online search for PDF Books - ebooks for Free downloads In one place.Current search Operations Research Toggle navigation Home Contact Books Best Deals of The Day Most Popular Books Kindle Ebooks Free Random. Operations Research An interdisciplinary science which deploys scientific methods like mathematical modeling, statistics. OPERATIONS RESEARCH Book Size: 5.72 MB . OPERATIONS RESEARCH/STATISTICS TECHNIQUES: A KEY TO. Operations research or operational research (OR) is an interdisciplinary branch of mathematics which uses methods like mathematical modeling, statistics, and algorithms to arrive at optimal or good decisions in complex problems which are concerned with optimizing the maxima (profit, faster assembly. Second World War. In the World War II era, operational research was defined as . About 2. 00 operational research scientists worked for the British Army. Early in the war while working for the Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE) he set up a team known as the . Britain introduced the convoy system to reduce shipping losses, but while the principle of using warships to accompany merchant ships was generally accepted, it was unclear whether it was better for convoys to be small or large. Convoys travel at the speed of the slowest member, so small convoys can travel faster. It was also argued that small convoys would be harder for German U- boats to detect. On the other hand, large convoys could deploy more warships against an attacker. Blackett's staff showed that the losses suffered by convoys depended largely on the number of escort vessels present, rather than the size of the convoy. Their conclusion was that a few large convoys are more defensible than many small ones. As most of them were from Bomber Command they were painted black for night- time operations. At the suggestion of CC- ORS a test was run to see if that was the best colour to camouflage the aircraft for daytime operations in the grey North Atlantic skies. Tests showed that aircraft painted white were on average not spotted until they were 2. This change indicated that 3. The reason was that if a U- boat saw an aircraft only shortly before it arrived over the target then at 1. U- boat wouldn't have had time to descend as far as 1. It was more efficient to attack those submarines close to the surface when the targets' locations were better known than to attempt their destruction at greater depths when their positions could only be guessed. Before the change of settings from 1. U- boats were sunk and 1. After the change, 7% were sunk and 1. All damage inflicted by German air defences was noted and the recommendation was given that armour be added in the most heavily damaged areas. This recommendation was not adopted because the fact that the aircraft returned with these areas damaged indicated these areas were not vital, and adding armour to non- vital areas where damage is acceptable negatively affects aircraft performance. Their suggestion to remove some of the crew so that an aircraft loss would result in fewer personnel losses, was also rejected by RAF command. Blackett's team made the logical recommendation that the armour be placed in the areas which were completely untouched by damage in the bombers which returned. They reasoned that the survey was biased, since it only included aircraft that returned to Britain. The untouched areas of returning aircraft were probably vital areas, which, if hit, would result in the loss of the aircraft. It was then a matter of calculating the statistical loss from collisions against the statistical loss from night fighters to calculate how close the bombers should fly to minimise RAF losses. By comparing the number of flying hours put in by Allied aircraft to the number of U- boat sightings in a given area, it was possible to redistribute aircraft to more productive patrol areas. Comparison of exchange rates established . The ratio of 6. 0 mines laid per ship sunk was common to several campaigns: German mines in British ports, British mines on German routes, and United States mines in Japanese routes. They analysed, among other topics, the effectiveness of artillery, aerial bombing and anti- tank shooting. After World War II. Operations Research also grew in many areas other than the military once scientists learned to apply its principles to the civilian sector. With the development of the simplex algorithm for linear programming in 1. Moreover, the large volumes of data required for such problems can be stored and manipulated very efficiently. It uses various scientificresearch- based principles, strategies, and analytical methods including mathematical modeling, statistics and numerical algorithms to improve an organization's ability to enact rational and meaningful management decisions by arriving at optimal or near optimal solutions to complex decision problems. In short, management sciences help businesses to achieve their goals using the scientific methods of operational research. The management scientist's mandate is to use rational, systematic, science- based techniques to inform and improve decisions of all kinds. Of course, the techniques of management science are not restricted to business applications but may be applied to military, medical, public administration, charitable groups, political groups or community groups. Management science is concerned with developing and applying models and concepts that may prove useful in helping to illuminate management issues and solve managerial problems, as well as designing and developing new and better models of organizational excellence. The range of problems and issues to which management science has contributed insights and solutions is vast. In dealing with these sorts of challenges mathematical modeling and simulation are not appropriate or will not suffice. Therefore, during the past 3. This initiative has been adopted by the Operational Research Society in the UK, including a website entitled Learn about OR. In 2. 00. 4, its total number of citations was the second largest amongst Operational Research and Management Science journals; INFOR Journal: published and sponsored by the Canadian Operational Research Society; International Journal of Operations Research and Information Systems (IJORIS). Retrieved 7 January 2. American Mathematical Society. Retrieved 7 January 2. Co., ISBN 9. 78. 08. A systems analyst who contributes in the area of DSS must be skilled in such areas as management science (synonymous with decision science and operations research), modeling, simulation, and advanced statistics. Retrieved 1. 3 November 2. Retrieved 2. 7 January 2. Archived from the original on 2. May 2. 00. 9. Retrieved 1. November 2. 01. 1. P. Bridgman, The Logic of Modern Physics, The Mac. Millan Company, New York, 1. Retrieved 1. 3 November 2. Following the creation of a unified Ministry of Defence, a tri- service operational research organisation was established: the Defence Operational Research Establishment (DOAE) which was formed in 1. Army Operational Research Establishment based at West Byfleet. Archived 2. 7 August 2. Wayback Machine.^Kirby, pp. Archived 2 October 2. Wayback Machine.^Kirby, p. Archived 2. 7 March 2. Wayback Machine.^. Retrieved 1. 3 November 2. Dirty Little Secrets of the Twentieth Century. Retrieved 1. 3 November 2. United States Naval Institute Proceedings. PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH. Lancaster University, 2. Retrieved 5 June 2. What is Management Science? The University of Tennessee, 2. Retrieved 5 June 2. Retrieved 1. 3 November 2. Retrieved 1. 3 November 2. Retrieved 1. 3 November 2. Retrieved 1. 3 November 2. Retrieved 1. 3 November 2. Retrieved 1. 3 November 2. Retrieved 1. 3 November 2. Retrieved 1. 3 November 2. Retrieved 1. 3 November 2. Retrieved 1. 3 November 2. Retrieved 1. 3 November 2. The Science of Better. Retrieved 1. 9 March 2. Retrieved 1. 9 March 2. Retrieved 1. 9 March 2. Retrieved 1. 9 March 2. Retrieved 1. 9 March 2. Retrieved 1. 9 March 2.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
December 2016
Categories |