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Candidates Shafik and Moussa held positions under the Mubarak regime and won 35% of the vote. Egyptian presidential election, 2012 coverage at the Guardian. Obama says Egypt's transition 'must begin now'. An envoy for Obama urged Mubarak to drop his re-election. The history of Egypt under Hosni Mubarak spans a period of 29 years, beginning with the 1981 assassination of President Anwar Sadat and lasting until the Egyptian.
History of Egypt under Hosni Mubarak. For a biography of Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak, see Hosni Mubarak. The history of Egypt under Hosni Mubarak spans a period of 2. President. Anwar Sadat and lasting until the Egyptian revolution of January 2. Mubarak was overthrown in a popular uprising as part of the broader Arab Spring movement. His presidency was marked by a continuation of the policies pursued by his predecessor, including the liberalization of Egypt's economy and a commitment to the 1. Camp David Accords. The Egyptian government under Mubarak also maintained close relations with the other member states of the Arab League, as well as the United States, Russia, India, and much of the Western World. However, international non- governmental organizations such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have repeatedly criticized his administration's human rights record. Concerns raised include political censorship, police brutality, arbitrary detention, torture, and restrictions on freedoms of speech, association, and assembly. This is in large part due to Egypt's political structure, in which the President must approve all pieces of legislation and state expenditures before they are enacted. He had previously served as Vice President since 1. Egyptian Air Force during the preceding two decades. He also held the title of Deputy Defence Minister at the time of the 1. October War. Political reform was limited during this period. Prior to 2. 00. 5, opposition candidates were not permitted to run for President, with the position instead being reaffirmed via referendum in the People's Assembly at regular six- year intervals. This changed after a constitutional amendment on 2. May 2. 00. 5, which transformed it into a de jure elected office accountable to the Egyptian people. Presidential elections were held four months later, with Mubarak receiving nearly 8. In order to be listed on the ballot, a presidential candidate must have the endorsement of a political party and the approval of a national election commission. Opposition parties called on voters to boycott the referendum as meaningless, but it passed with over 8. Mubarak Election ProgrammingWASHINGTON — A small, controversial effort launched under President George W. Bush to fund and train election monitors in Egypt played a key role in the. What is expected to happen in Egypt’s presidential election? President Hosni Mubarak is widely expected to win another six-year term when Egypt holds its. The November 2. 00. People's Assembly elections saw 3. National Democratic Party (NDP). The Muslim Brotherhood, founded in Egypt in 1. Egyptian law prohibits the formation of political parties based on religion). Members are known publicly and openly speak their views. Members of the Brotherhood have been elected to the People's Assembly and local councils as independents. The Egyptian political opposition also includes groups and popular movements such as Kefaya and the April 6 Youth Movement, although they are somewhat less organized than officially registered political parties. Bloggers, or cyberactivists as Courtney C. Radsch terms them, have also played an important political opposition role, writing, organizing, and mobilizing public opposition. A dramatic drop in support for Mubarak and his domestic economic reform program increased with surfacing news about his son Alaa being favored in government tenders and privatization. As Alaa started getting out of the picture by 2. Mubarak. Gamal Mubarak branched out with a few colleagues to set up Medinvest Associates Ltd., which manages a private equity fund, and to do some corporate finance consultancy work. Under the law, police powers are extended, constitutional rights suspended and censorship is legalized. Mubarak Election Program For UnionSome 1. 7,0. 00 people are detained under the law, and estimates of political prisoners run as high as 3. The government claimed that opposition groups like the Muslim Brotherhood could come into power in Egypt if the current government did not forgo parliamentary elections, confiscate the group's main financiers' possessions, and detain group figureheads, actions which are virtually impossible without emergency law and judicial- system independence prevention. Mubarak also restore relations with USSR three years after Sadat's expulsion of USSR experts. Egypt also has played a moderating role in such international forums as the UN and the Nonaligned Movement. Under Mubarak, Egypt was a staunch ally of the United States, whose aid to Egypt has averaged $2 billion a year since the 1. Camp David Peace Accords. Egypt's involvement in the coalition was deemed by the US government as crucial in garnering wider Arab support for the liberation of Kuwait. Although unpopular among Egyptians, the participation of Egyptian forces brought financial benefits for the Egyptian government. Reports that sums as large as $5. According to The Economist. In fact, luck was on Hosni Mubarak's side; when the US was hunting for a military alliance to force Iraq out of Kuwait, Egypt's president joined without hesitation. After the war, his reward was that America, the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, and Europe forgave Egypt around $1. In February 1. 98. Central Security Forces mutinied taking to the streets, rioting, burning and looting in demand for better pay. The uprising was the greatest challenge of the Mubarak presidency up to that point and only the second time in modern Egyptian history the Army was dispatched to Egyptian streets to restore order. In one year (1. 99. More police (1. 20) than terrorists (1. Police and security forces regularly used torture and brutality. The Press Law, Publications Law, and the penal code regulated the press, and called for punishment by fines or imprisonment for those who criticized the president. This progress occurred in spite of the government. During the 1. 99. International Monetary Fund arrangements, coupled with massive external debt relief resulting from Egypt's participation in the Gulf War coalition, helped Egypt improve its macroeconomic performance. In the last two decades of Mubarak's reign, inflation was lowered and from 1. GDP per capita based on purchasing- power- parity (PPP) increased fourfold (from US$1. US$4. 53. 5 in 2. US$6. 18. 0 in 2. Monetary restructuring, especially the flotation of the Egyptian pound, the liberalization of the country's money markets, a reform of the tax system and strategic reductions in governmental social spending, resulted in . Egypt ranked 9. 8th out of the 1. More than 3. 4% of the population was twelve years old or younger, and 6. Fewer than 3% of Egyptians were sixty- five years or older. Like most developing countries there was a steady influx of rural inhabitants to the urban areas, but just over half the population still lived in villages. In 1. 98. 9 average life expectancy at birth was 5. The infant mortality rate was 9. Despite this most parents removed their children from school before they graduated from ninth grade. The basic cycle included six years of primary school and after passing special examinations, three years of intermediate school. Secondary students chose between a general (college preparatory) curriculum of humanities, mathematics, or the sciences: and a technical curriculum of agriculture, communications, or industry. Students could advance between grades only after they received satisfactory scores on standardized tests. In 1. 98. 5- 8. 6, early in the Mubark presidency, only 4. An estimated 7. 5% of girls between the ages of six and twelve were enrolled in primary school but 9. In Upper Egypt less than 3. Girls also dropped out of primary school more frequently than boys. Among all girls aged twelve to eighteen in 1. Amnesty International. Retrieved 2. 3 June 2. Any important policy or project must normally have the `blessing` of the President before it can proceed with a reasonable prospect of success. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. International Herald Tribune. Archived from the original on February 1. Retrieved August 2. Retrieved on 2. 01. Interview with MR. GAMAL MUBARAK Chairman Of Medinvest Associates Ltd. Winne. com (1. 99. Retrieved on 2. 01. Law 1. 95. 8/1. 62 (Emergency Law)(Arabic) at EMERglobal Lex, part of the Edinburgh Middle East Report. Retrieved 2 April 2. Egypt After 9/1. 1: Perceptions of the United States 2. March 2. 00. 4^R. Clemente Holder (August 1. Washington Report on Middle East Affairs. Retrieved 2. 6 January 2. American hegemony: preventive war, Iraq, and imposing democracy. Academy of Political Science. Aid to Egypt: Where Does the Money Go? Retrieved 1. 9 June 2. Retrieved 2. 9 January 2. Global Security Newswire. Retrieved 2. 6 April 2. Egypt^EOHR calls for investigating 9. Marwa Al- A'sar/Daily News Egypt. Bradley, Palgrave Maac. Millan, 2. 00. 8. Egypt, 2. 00. 8 freedomhouse. Reporters sans fronti. International Human Developement Indicators UNDP^The World Bank estimates Egypt's gini coefficient from 1. GINI index World Bank^Egypt. Country Brief^Suzanne Choney (2. January 2. 01. 1). Retrieved 2. 8 January 2. Retrieved 2. 8 January 2. Retrieved 2. 8 January 2. Retrieved 2. 8 January 2. Transparency International. Retrieved 2. 6 October 2. Egypt - Population^ abcd. Education, from Egypt: A Country Study. Helen Chapin Metz, ed. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1. Retrieved 2. 8 January 2. Retrieved 1. 1 February 2. Retrieved 1. 1 February 2. Retrieved 1. 3 April 2. Retrieved 2. 4 May 2. Breaking the Fear Barrier of Mubarak’s Regime . Living in Cairo, there is a thought that constantly comes to mind: there is so much potential in this place. It becomes painfully obvious everyday that the regime that controls Egypt is precisely what has come between Egypt and its full economic, social and ultimately democratic potential. In Tahrir Square—the urban focal point of Cairo and the symbolic center of all of Egypt—on the first of February, I experienced a new Egypt. On that day hundreds of thousands, some estimates say over a million, packed the square in a show of solidarity with fellow protesters and called for the regime of Mubarak to fall. Never before have I seen as diverse a representation of Egyptian society assembled in a single public space in Egypt as the crowd that gathered that day, demanding in unison their universal freedoms. Never before have I seen Egyptians of all walks of life—young and old, rich and poor, educated and illiterate, Muslim, Christian, atheist, members of the Muslim Brotherhood and gays and lesbians, veiled women and women in tank tops, Nubians and Alexandrians, and everyone else—they were all there. The atmosphere was peaceful, festive, and hopeful. There was no violence, no sexual harassment, no sectarian tensions, and no confrontations. This is the Egypt that I found inside the perimeter of Tahrir Square; it was a truly democratic Egypt inside of the still largely US- supported police state run by Mubarak’s regime. Creating this liberated space in the heart of Cairo was not easy. Just two weeks earlier, when protesters in Tunisia managed to dethrone their president and send him into exile, Egyptians were reluctant to discuss those events freely. Egyptians have lived in a culture of fear for generations, where political discussions had limits or else one risked detention, police abuse, torture, or, at worst, disappearance. During his presidency, Mubarak created one of the world’s largest state security forces, equaling in size that of China. The regime cracked down on all opposition, including the longstanding Muslim Brotherhood. The corrupt security apparatus effectively did the dirty work for Mubarak’s ruling party, the National Democratic Party, and was largely in the service of the ruling elite rather than the people. The police, secret police, detention centers in the desert, riot police, secret service, and many other branches of this security apparatus are what Egyptians deal with on a daily basis. These forces are so notorious for their abuses that the mere presence of a large police truck sends fear into the hearts of passers by. The corrupt security service functions outside the rule of law, where abuses, many of which have been recorded by undercover cameras and mobile phone cameras, go unpunished. The regime established its legitimacy on the basis of keeping political Islam under control. Doing so, the regime demonized the Muslim Brotherhood, a political and social services movement established in 1. While demonizing the Brotherhood, the regime squashed or tightly controlled any other opposition groups and made the establishment of new ones merely impossible. Thus, any hopes for a truly democratic political process has been aborted. Mubarak’s regime also failed to achieve true economic and social reform. Education has sharply deteriorated to the extent that employers generally reject applicants who received their college educations from state- run institutions. Mubarak’s state also tightly controlled the cultural and intellectual spheres, transforming them into highly bureaucratic and closely monitored spheres. The press, television, and radio were also controlled directly not only by the state but specifically by the security apparatus. Under Mubarak, Egypt, the former breadbasket for the Mediterranean, has become the world’s largest importer of wheat. This was a direct result of ill informed agricultural policy that favored the businesses of importers over the livelihoods of farmers. Villages and farming communities deteriorated and many farmers migrated to cities or urbanized their farmland as a way to create new forms of livelihood for their families. It is important to note that these and many other failures on the part of the state allowed the well- established Muslim Brotherhood to fill the vacuum and provide the large poor population, both Muslim and Christian, with basic medical services, better education, and career development. The most visible economic reforms of Mubarak’s regime have been to his own benefit and to the benefit of his close circle. The public sector was privatized and the Mubarak family demanded a stake in almost every business venture in the country. Mubarak, the son of farmer, now has an estimated wealth of around $7. Egypt’s Coptic Christians have not faired well under Mubarak either. While the state promotes itself as one of coexistence, internally, Mubarak’s regime has benefited greatly from sectarianism. The majority of Egypt’s Copts are among the 4. The regime has also cracked down on building new churches and most recently clashed with Christians over building permits for a church in Giza. At the same time, it is widely accepted in Egypt that the regime has sponsored acts of terrorism against Christians as a way of controlling the Christian population, strengthening Coptic support for the regime by promoting itself as their protector from fundamental Islam. In recent months there was a shooting incident in which a police officer shot four Copts aboard a train. Most recently, the bombing of one of Alexandria’s largest churches on January 1 during midnight mass is suspected to have government origins. The unusual absence of security forces, usually present, from the church during that incident and the narrative of events produced by the state make it highly suspicious. The regime used the incident to highlight the need for its suffocating security and intelligence and the threat from “Palestinian” elements and fundamentalist Islam. By now most Egyptians have become accustomed to such dirty tricks, but since the regime has total control of the security and the legal systems, there is no way for independent investigations to take place. Egypt has been ruled since Mubarak’s presidency by emergency law, which gives the state the right to bypass Egypt’s constitution and to arrest any person regardless of whether or not they have committed a crime. This has been used extensively over the last 3. Egyptians who have been detained, disappeared, and tortured is unknown. Such a lack of accountability has produced some of the most brutal police officers. One particular incident in June 2. Khaled Saeed, a 2. Alexandria. Saeed’s case caught public attention because he was arrested by two detectives in an Internet caf. The police later said they suspected Saeed had a sizeable amount of hashish on his person. This was a fabrication. Quickly Saeed became a symbol of the on going police abuses tolerated and even promoted by the regime. Protests in the name of Saeed were held in Alexandria and in Cairo’s Tahrir Square, where security forces quickly arrested thirty protestors and escorted them to a secret location where they were beaten. An uprising was long coming in Egypt, but Egyptians couldn’t break the fear barrier created by the state. And then the Tunisian Revolution happened in January of 2. The night of the Tunisian President’s ouster, a group of Egyptians gathered outside the Tunisian embassy in Cairo and cheered, “Mubarak, you’re next.” The Facebook group “we are all Khaled Said” called for a protest on January 2. Police Day. Following a week of multiple self- immolation attempts, the January 2. Egypt’s attempt at a popular revolution. All sectors of Egyptian society were represented, and no religious, political, or social group could claim dominance of the protest. This was a true popular uprising against all that I have listed above, and there was no leader at the helm of this movement. The first day was largely peaceful until security forces resorted to water canons and tear gas to disperse the crowd at Tahrir Square. A series of smaller protests in the subsequent days turned violent and police used bullets. The state’s use of excessive violence inevitably angered many more Egyptians nationwide, who naturally called for mass protests following Friday prayers on January 2. The state braced itself and attempted to create a media blackout, cutting off mobile phone service nationwide and, in an unprecedented move, cutting internet service nationwide, the first such act in history. January 2. 8th marked a major rupture in Egyptian history: it is the day Egyptians truly broke the fear barrier created by Mubarak’s regime. Massive numbers turned out and poured into the streets in a peaceful march towards Tahrir Square. Security forces confronted protesters with excessive force and fired dizzying amounts of American- made expired tear gas. Again, the regime’s tactics backfired, as the protests grew larger and protesters were determined to break through the regime’s tear gas, rubber bullets, and even live ammunition, resulting in many injuries and some deaths. By 4: 0. 0 pm, security forces retreated and the tens of thousands of riot police and security forces disappeared from Cairo’s streets, followed by one of the most chaotic nights in recent history. Prisoners were released, 9. The following days saw attacks by men on camel and horseback on protesters in Tahrir Square. Immediately following Mubarak’s statement in the early hours of February 2, mobs of Mubarak supporters suddenly appeared on the streets and attacked and confronted anyone who was identified as pro- democracy or anti- regime. The regime and NDP businessmen who benefited from Mubarak’s policies orchestrated these events of violence and chaos. The regime was attempting to reinstate itself by proving to the world and to terrified Egyptians that they have only two choices: the regime as it is or total chaos. Great Pacific Garbage Patch Awareness Video. Playlists werden geladen.. Although garbage in the oceans can certainly be problematic, as illustrated in this photo, reports of the Great Ocean Garbage Patch are highly exaggerated, according to one researcher. The trash vortex is an area the size of Texas in the North Pacific in which an estimated six kilos of plastic for every kilo of natural plankton, along with other slow degrading garbage, swirls slowly around like a clock. Twice the size of Texas, the remote Eastern Pacific Garbage Patch is home to much of the world's plastic trash, and now a scientific expedition has documented the vast ''dump'' for the first time. Ocean Trash Plaguing Our Sea. Science in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch How You Can Help. Great Pacific Garbage Patch Awareness Video tav nav. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 53 53. Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. In the Pacific Ocean, there are actually a few 'Pacific garbage patches' of varying sizes as well as other locations where marine debris is known to accumulate. The Eastern Pacific Garbage Patch (aka 'Great Pacific Garbage Patch'). The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is one of many areas in the ocean where marine debris naturally concentrates because of ocean currents. In this episode, Dianna Parker from the NOAA Marine Debris Program explains what a garbage. California State University--Chico confers degrees through various schools. Nursing Administration. California State University, Chico Nursing School Review. The now California State University, Chico. Rural Nursing Preceptorship Program. Welcome to the School of Nursing. Bridges to PhD Program. CSUB's Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) program prepares the next generation of local nurses. 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Sitka Medical Center is a subsidiary of SouthEast Alaska Regional Health Consortium (SEARHC). Artisteer - web design generator for Joomla templates, Wordpress themes, Drupal themes, Blogger templates and DNN skins. Sofern es bereits eine L. Dieser Artikel wird regelm. Dieser behebt viele Fehler und entfernt den Tag. The Sims 2: Double Deluxe General Links: Important Serial Info; Age of Empires 3 Game Updates; Game Fixes: Age of Empires III: Complete Collection v1.0 Technical Support For problems installing or patching World of Warcraft, connecting to the realms or crashing during game play.ANB Item Switchers Ein Switcher wird auf eine Schnelltaste gelegt und schaltet dann bis zu 4 Gegenst. Beispiel: /Schnelltaste 1 dr Bekannte Probleme und deren L. Im Folgenden sind die bekanntesten und am h. Sofern es bereits eine L Please find below a list of frequently asked questions we have collected for 'Sacred 2: Ice & Blood' Q: I get the error message: 'The serial you entered is invalid' A: This error message can appear in case you use the Windows. Wir empfehlen daher sehr, den Patch zu installieren. Habt ihr einen fehlenden L? Dann kontaktiert uns doch bitte (z. B. Es gibt allerdings angesichts der nahezu unendlich verschiedenen Rechner- und Softwarekonfigurationen jede Menge an verschiedensten Fehlermeldungen und L. Daher bitten wir um Verst. Auch handelt es sich nicht bei allen Tipps um offizielle L. Man kann das Spiel jetzt komplett ohne Aktivierung installieren und auch die DVD muss beim Spielen nicht im Laufwerk vorhanden sein. Probleme mit dem Kopierschutz und allg. Fragen. Bitte in unserem Artikel zum Kopierschutz die entsprechenden Punkte nachlesen. Bestehen weiterhin Probleme, k. Sind die Aktivierungen aufgebraucht, ist dies nicht weiter schlimm. Das wird am einfachsten . Dort findet ihr einen vorgefertigten Text und die weitere Vorgehensweise (um das Formular zu nutzen m. Der Vorgang wird nicht erfolgreich abgeschlossen! Auch hier sind zun. Ansonsten ist es ratsam, ein passendes Thema im Forum zu er. In diesem Fall sollte die Version der Anno 1. DVD installiert werden, die ihr im folgenden Verzeichnis findet: \support\Direct. X\DXSETUP. exe Alternativ kann die aktuelle Direct. X–Version im Internet heruntergeladen werden. Wo ist mein Profil gespeichert? Wo sind meine Spielst. Der Speicherort dieser Daten ist immer gut zu wissen, z. B. Dann gebt folgendes ein: Windows 7 und Windows Vista: Profil: %USERPROFILE%\App. Data\Roaming\Ubisoft\Anno. Profiles. Speicherst. Dann kann diese Meldung erscheinen. Zum anderen ist es denkbar, dass zur Zeit mehrere Instanzen von Anno laufen, da ihr das Spiel mehrmals gestartet habt. Hier hilft es die erscheinenden Meldungen mit . Versucht dann, die Anwendung erneut zu starten. Wo finde ich den Patch zu Anno 1. Der Patch 1. 1 wurde am 7. Oktober 2. 00. 9 zum Download freigegeben. Hier findet ihr den Changelog und den Download. Der zweite Patch (1. Meistens reicht es, wenn man die Software- Firewall des Rechners ausschaltet. Sucht dazu mittels Strg + F den Eintrag . Was kann ich tun? Die Spielst. Dieser Fehler tritt ziemlich willk. So hat man im Ernstfall zumindest nicht den kompletten Spielstand verloren. Im offiziellen Forum wird weiterhin empfohlen, Anno 1. Profilen und Spielst. Dort soll das Spiel dann neu installiert werden. Das Problem tritt unter Umst. Es wird dazu geraten, die Spielst. Die Rede ist vom CFF- Explorer, mit dem man Anno mehr Arbeitsspeicher als gew. Ein solcher Defekt kann mehrere Ursachen haben und meist nicht behoben werden. Um sicher zu gehen, dass es sich hierbei um ein Problem mit den Spielst. Dann versucht Anno erneut zu starten. Ist dieser Versuch erfolgreich, wird es sich wahrscheinlich um defekte Spielst. Kopiert einige Spielst. Hier hilft nur ausprobieren. Meist ist einer der neuesten Spielst. Was kann ich tun? Ein Crash to Desktop kann die vielf. Wie das geht, steht unter Punkt 5). Des Weiteren kann ein zu schwaches oder auch . Deshalb hilft es manchmal einige Einstellungen im den Grafikoptionen zu verringern. Zus. Damit kann man Anno mehr Arbeitsspeicher als gew. Einen Versuch ist dieser kleine Trick auf jeden Fall wert! Wie kann ich meine Bonusinhalte nutzen und wo sind sie . Dieses findet sich, wenn man im Hauptmen. Das Schiff kann ausgew. Ein simples Speichern und anschlie. Cannot find essantiel information in the Registry” erscheint bei einem Startversuch. Was ist die Ursache? Wurde zun. Eine Aktivierung geht hierdurch . Unter Windows Vista kann es zus. Das ganze sollte dann so aussehen: < Direct. XVersion> 9< /Direct. XVersion> Unter Windows XP tritt dieser Fehler nicht auf, da hier Direct. Places You Can Be Productive (Besides Your Office). Is your mind dragging at work? Try one of these spots to refresh and really get things done. But all you can seem to do is watch the clock, waiting for 2: 0. And go somewhere else, somewhere you can focus, do your best work, cross off tasks on that ever- growing to- do list hovering over your head like an annoying gray, drippy storm cloud. So where should you go? Lean TPM Total Productive Maintenance article by Darren Dolcemascolo of EMS Consulting Group, an organization established to assist companies implement Lean and World Class Manufacturing programs. Here, nine entrepreneurs from the Young Entrepreneur Council (YEC) share their productivity- boosting places: 1. Your Apartment. As Zine. Pak has grown, I’ve found that working from home one day each week is incredibly helpful. Not only do I gain an extra 9. I also get to spend time focusing on issues that require more time and attention, since I’m able to work uninterrupted by drop- ins or meetings.—Brittany Hodak, Zine. Pak. 2. Co- Working Spaces. Co- working spaces are the best places for me to get all I need in one spot. They’ve got fast Wi- Fi, amazingly intelligent entrepreneurs, quiet spaces when needed or social areas in which to socialize. Even if you’re a one- man band, you can still feel like a team when plugged in next to multiple other startup peeps around you. You honestly never know who you’ll meet.—Andrew Vest, Preferling. The Library. Yes, they still exist! It takes me back to my college days when I knew it was crunch time and I had to produce. Top research rankings with a generous scholarship program. Next scholarship application round opens February 2016. Find out more - Research study. Industry partnerships. So if I’m ever in a rut, being in the library helps me to concentrate and focus on the task at hand. Plus being surrounded by students and books reminds me of why I studied in the first place: to get ahead and be successful.—Nicolas Gremion, Free- e. Books. net. 4. An Airplane. I find that my most productive email clean- up time is on the plane. Shutting off your phone can be terrifying but also very beneficial for knocking out those pesky emails. Rather than shutting my eyes for three hours, I see how many of those “non- high priority” tasks I can knock out.—Vinny Antonio, Victory Marketing Agency. Another Country. I find that I feel so rejuvenated, re- energized and re- inspired when I work from another land. It allows me to clear my head, disengage from my routine and familiar surroundings, and see my work through a new lens. I’ve done some of my best work for clients from places that are literally thousands of miles away from home.—Steven Le Vine, grapevine pr. A Coffeehouse. My favorite place to get away from the office and still remain productive is a coffeehouse. I like to work far enough away from my office that it’s unlikely I'll be interrupted by people I know. Ironically, I find that the constant flow of noise from customers, coffeehouse music and espresso machines makes for a great environment to be productive!—Kristopher Jones, LSEO7. Buckle down and get productive with these excellent apps. It's one of the best productivity apps available today, making it. The search-and-alert program Mention is a social media. Fun & Productive Places Your Child can be this Summer! We are so glad to be a part of helping your child have fun and remain productive during summer. Productive cities Grattan Institute 2013 Grattan Institute Support Grattan Institute Report No. 2013-5, May 2013 This report was written by Jane-Frances Kelly, Grattan Cities Program Director, and Peter Mares, Cities Fellow. What makes a good afterschool program? Everyone wants adolescents off the streets and learning new skills after school. The problem is that there's no consensus on what kinds of programs benefit children most. Productive nanosystems: the physics of molecular fabrication. Productive nanosystems are nanoscale systems. Hotels. I have found that I have very few distractions when I’m in a hotel. I don’t have the everyday responsibilities that I would usually have. There’s no grocery shopping, cleaning or household to- do lists to get through. They can wait until I’m home. I also believe in making my time away from home worth it; each minute is dedicated to lightening my load when I get home.—Maren Hogan, Red Branch Media. The Park. The office is a great place to work and collaborate, but when you need to get really creative, it can be somewhat stifling. When I run into these roadblocks, I like to grab my laptop and head to the downtown park. There’s no Wi- Fi, so that means no distractions. I can focus 1. 00 percent on what needs to get done while enjoying a radically new work environment in nature.—James Simpson, Gold. Fire Studios. 9. The House You Grew Up In. While it may seem strange, there is something so nostalgic and refreshing about working from the house I grew up in. From term papers to now multimillion- dollar term sheets, the ability to remember where I’ve come from helps to inspire me about where I could be next. It also doesn’t hurt that the snacks are much better than any office or coffee shop!—Kim Kaupe, Zine. Pak. Check out 4 brain hacks to become more efficient. Young Entrepreneur Council (YEC) is an invite- only organization comprising the world’s most promising young entrepreneurs. In partnership with Citi, YEC recently launched Startup. Collective, a free virtual mentorship program that helps millions of entrepreneurs start and grow businesses. HP Officejet K7. 10. Specs - CNET. Inkjet Technology. HP Thermal Inkjet. Ink Palette Supported (Colors). Nozzle Configuration. Technology. . ink- jet. Print Speed. . Up to 2. A4 (8. 2. 5 in x 1. Up to 2. 0 ppm - color draft - A4 (8. Up to 9. 1 ppm - black normal - A4 (8. 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Official Hp officejet k7100 series drivers download, download and update your Hp officejet k7100 series drivers for Windows XP, Vista, 7 & 8. Descargue el software y los controladores m This package supports the following driver models:HP Officejet K7100 Series. A3 (1. 1. 7 in x 1. A4 (8. 2. 5 in x 1. A4 (8. 2. 5 in x 1. A4 (8. 2. 5 in x 1. A4 (8. 2. 5 in x 1. A4 (8. 2. 5 in x 1. A4 (8. 2. 5 in x 1. A4 (8. 2. 5 in x 1. A4 (8. 2. 5 in x 1. A4 (8. 2. 5 in x 1. A3 (1. 1. 7 in x 1. A3 (1. 1. 7 in x 1. A3 (1. 1. 7 in x 1. A3 (1. 1. 7 in x 1. A3 (1. 1. 7 in x 1. A3 (1. 1. 7 in x 1. Output Quality. . Hence the dual-edge triggered static pulsed flip-flop suffers from high leakage current. In the adaptive clocking dual-edge sense-amplifier flip-flop, clocking inverter chain is designed to disable some. The operation and truth table for a negative edge-triggered flip-flop are the same as those for a positive except that the falling edge of the clock pulse is the triggering edge. Flip-flop SETS on the. Edge-triggered Latches: Flip-Flops. 74AC74, 74ACT74 — Dual D-Type Positive Edge-Triggered Flip-Flop . 1.6.1 January 2008 74AC74, 74ACT74 Dual D-Type Positive Edge-Triggered. 5 www.fairchildsemi.com DM74LS112A Dual Negative-Edge-Triggered Master-Slave J-K Flip-Flop with Preset, Clear, and Complementary Outputs Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued) 16-Lead. Fairchild's Quality Mission Fairchild's quality mission is to deliver superior semiconductor products and customer value through innovation, service and manufacturing excellence.The Edge-Triggered RS Flip-Flop To adjust the clocked RS latch for edge triggering, we must actually combine two identical clocked latch circuits, but have them operate on opposite halves of the clock signal. General description The 74HC107; 74HCT107 is a dual negative edge triggered JK flip-flop featuring individual J and K inputs, clock (CP) and reset (R) inputs and complementary Q and Q outputs. The reset is an asynchronous. 7 www.fairchildsemi.com 74F74 Dual D-Type Positive Edge-Triggered Flip-Flop Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued) 14-Lead Plastic Dual-In-Line Package (PDIP), JEDEC MS-001, 0.300 Wide. Edge-Triggered Flip-flops An edge-triggered flip-flop changes states either at the positive edge. MM7. 4HC5. 74 PDF Datasheet 3- STATE Octal D- Type Edge- Triggered Flip- Flop. The MM7. 4HC5. 74 high speed octal D- type flip- flops utilize advanced silicon- gate P- well CMOS technology. They possess the high noise immunity and low power consumption of standard CMOS integrated circuits, as well as the ability to drive 1. LS- TTL loads. Due to the large output drive capability and the 3- STATE feature, these devices are ideally suited for interfacing with bus lines in a bus organized system. Data at the D inputs, meeting the set- up and hold time requirements, are transferred to the Q outputs on positive going transitions of the CLOCK (CK) input. When a high logic level is applied to the OUTPUT CONTROL (OC) input, all outputs go to a high impedance state, regardless of what signals are present at the other inputs and the state of the storage elements. All inputs are protected from damage due to static discharge by internal diode clamps to VCC and ground. The Harmful Effects of Plastic on Human Health and the Environment - Green Homes. Design, craftsmanship and environmental impact are important to Jacob Deva Racusin and Ace Mc. Arleton, authors of The Natural Building Companion (Chelsea Green Publishing, 2. This comprehensive guide to integrative design and construction focuses on natural building materials that leave a gentler footprint than current practices. While the industrial development of plastic in many ways made life easier, plastic production impacts every phase of the life cycle. Learn about the harmful effects of plastic on human health and the environment in this excerpt from chapter 2, “Ecology.” Harmful Effects of Plastic. A sea change in building technology arrived in the 1. Age of Plastic.” Industrial development of fossil fuels into a wide array of plastics changed formulations in everything from insulation to mechanicals to paint, and plastic is still a ubiquitous component of every building assembly. Unfortunately, the impacts of plastic production in its many forms are heavy in every phase of its life cycle. While there is a common general understanding that plastics have negative ecological associations, a closer understanding of what types of plastics create what types of impacts will empower us to improve the toxic footprint of our buildings. Plastics are not inherently bad, and they have many redeeming ecological features; in fact, many of the techniques we utilize in our designs involve targeted use of plastic products. Their durability and low maintenance reduce material replacement, their light weight reduces shipping energy, their formulation into glue products allows for the creation of engineered lumber and sheet products from recycled wood, and their formulation into superior insulation and sealant products improves the energy performance of our structures. Nature and extent of toxic exposures in the production.The feedstock of plastic is primarily petroleum- or natural- gas- derived, although bio- plastics are making inroads in the overall market share of plastic products. Obvious issues emerge regarding the finite amount of available petroleum resources, as well as the pollution associated with oil extraction and refinement; the massive Gulf Coast oil spill of 2. Pollutants generated from burning of Plastics & related health effects: The byproducts of plastic combustion are airborne particulate emission (soot) and solid. 2 nasa technical note gaseous emissions and toxic hazards associated with plastics in fire situations - a literature review thomus l, junod. Plastic manufacturing and incineration creates air and water pollution, and exposes workers to toxic chemicals.
Toxic chemical release during manufacture is another significant source of the negative environmental impact of plastics. A whole host of carcinogenic, neurotoxic, and hormone- disruptive chemicals are standard ingredients and waste products of plastic production, and they inevitably find their way into our ecology through water, land, and air pollution. Some of the more familiar compounds include vinyl chloride (in PVC), dioxins (in PVC), benzene (in polystyrene), phthalates and other plasticizers (in PVC and others), formaldehyde, and bisphenol- A, or BPA (in polycarbonate). Many of these are persistent organic pollutants (POPs)—some of the most damaging toxins on the planet, owing to a combination of their persistence in the environment and their high levels of toxicity. These are discussed in greater detail later in this chapter as a consideration of human health; however, their unmitigated release into the environment affects all terrestrial and aquatic life with which they come into contact. It is in the use phase that the benefits of plastics in durability and effectiveness are most evident. Though most plastics are benign in their intended use form, many release toxic gases in their in- place curing (such as spray foam) or by virtue of their formulation (as with PVC additives off- gassing during their use phase). Occupational exposure during installation, such as inhalation of dust while cutting plastic pipe or off- gassing vapors of curing products, is also a great concern for human health and the environment. The disposal of plastics—the “grave” phase, if you will—is one of the least- recognized and most highly problematic areas of plastic’s ecological impact. Ironically, one of plastic’s most desirable traits—its durability and resistance to decomposition—is also the source of one of its greatest liabilities when it comes to the disposal of plastics. Natural organisms have a very difficult time breaking down the synthetic chemical bonds in plastic, creating the tremendous problem of the material’s persistence. A very small amount of total plastic production (less than 1. Unfortunately, because of plastic’s low density, it frequently migrates “downstream,” blowing out of landfills and off garbage barges. For decades, marine biologists and researchers had been witnessing increasing amounts of plastic garbage contamination in the ocean. Then, in 1. 99. 7, as mentioned in the introduction, Captain Charles Moore discovered widespread plastic garbage contamination in an area larger than the state of Texas that had formed within a cyclonic region, called a gyre, in the North Pacific Ocean. By 2. 00. 5, the estimated area of contamination expanded to 1. Africa. Ninety percent of this garbage was determined to be plastic, and 8. Captain Moore found where “downstream” goes. Early sampling determined approximately 3 million tons of plastic on the surface; the United Nations Environment Program reports that 7. Pacific alone—with more entering every day. There are six similar gyres across the planet’s oceans, each laden with plastic refuse (Weisman 2. The harmful effects of plastic on aquatic life are devastating, and accelerating. In addition to suffocation, ingestion, and other macro- particulate causes of death in larger birds, fish, and mammals, the plastic is ingested by smaller and smaller creatures (as it breaks down into smaller and smaller particles) and bioaccumulates in greater and greater concentrations up the food chain—with humans at the top. Exacerbating these problems of persistence and bioaccumulation is plastic’s propensity to act as a magnet and sponge for persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and the pesticide DDT. So, in addition to ingesting the physically and chemically damaging plastic compounds, aquatic life is also ingesting concentrated quantities of highly bioaccumulative compounds that are some of the most potent toxins found on the planet. Again, this bioaccumulation increases in concentration as it works up the food chain and into our diets. A final consideration of plastic disposal comes from the release of POPs and other toxic chemicals into the environment from the plastics themselves. These compounds present a host of ecological and human health issues and, like plastic, are also bioaccumulative. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is particularly noxious, owing to its formulated inclusion of halogenated compounds (those containing bromine or chlorine), and are particularly dangerous if burned, in which case dioxins are produced, some of which are among the most harmful of all human- made compounds. Consider, then, the terrific health liability of exposure through accidental or unwitting incineration or house fire. Halogens are also sourced from a class of flame retardants that are commonly formulated into a variety of plastic products found in the building industry, particularly polystyrene insulation (XPS, EPS); the effects of flame retardants are discussed in the next section. Collectively, these harmful chemicals are known to cause the following severe health problems: cancer, endometriosis, neurological damage, endocrine disruption, birth defects and child developmental disorders, reproductive damage, immune damage, asthma, and multiple organ damage. Plastic Alternatives. While we recognize the need for plastic products in our homes, in light of the tremendous ecological impact throughout plastic’s life cycle, we are compelled to select plastic alternatives when possible. In many cases, we can elect to utilize a different material altogether; examples of plastic alternatives include using straw or cellulose- based insulation in walls and roofs and mineral board insulation below basement walls instead of foam insulation, using wood or cement- board siding or plaster as an exterior finish instead of vinyl, and using clay, lime, or casein- based finishes instead of acrylic or latex paints. In other cases, our best option may be to replace a more toxic plastic, such as PVC, with a less toxic one, such as polyethylene, ABS, or metallocene polyolefin (a newly developed plastic of lesser environmental footprint) pipe instead of PVC pipe, fiberglass instead of PVC window profiles, polyethylene instead of PVC- jacketed wire, or polyester instead of PVC commercial wall coverings. The field of bio- plastics is also growing rapidly. These products have the benefits of being nonpetroleum in feedstock, supportive of the farm sector (although LCA must also evaluate industrialized farming practices), and, perhaps most importantly, biodegradable. Additionally, vegetable oils such as soy have been proven to effectively replace pthalates as plasticizers in PVC, reducing its POP load. This excerpt has been reprinted with permission from The Natural Building Companion by Jacob Deva Racusin and Ace Mc. Arleton, published by Chelsea Green Publishing, 2. |
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